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How were beads made in ancient times?
Okay what I want to know is how they put in the hole and shaped the bead in ancient times. Like for example how did they make a rough stone into a smooth round bead with a hole in it? What tools did they use? Please answer! Thanks!
or it doesn't even have to be in ancient times but say there was no electricity, how would you do it.
Depending on how ancient you want to go beads were made of glass, stone, gems, and clay.
Glass beads were made by winding glass around a core covered with dry unfired clay that could be washed and scraped off and out - just like release is used on wires today. The source of heat was most likely a small cone shaped clay furnace.
Clay beads were made by forming the clay around any stick or rod and either pulling the rod out as the clay stiffened in drying or burning it out in firing the clay.
Stone and gem beads were drilled by taking a metal rod and using grit of sand to work the hole through A bow drill, now most commonly associated with making fire, http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&q=bow%20drill&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS366US366&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi can hold a rod to allow a slurry of water and grit to drill under pressure. Here is a picture of a pump drill in use http://www.dramaticresults.org/events.html (search for 'drills' on the page, the picture is below the word)
This basic method is still used with glass although the rod is usually held in a drill press and more and more it has diamonds on it instead of grit under it.
Bigger versions were driven by water power or the arms of apprentices or slaves.
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